As far as I know, b) is not possible because the AX.25 frame format that APRS uses only allows for 6 bytes for the callsign and 1 byte for the SSID (and flag bits).
Personally, I think including the prefixed call sign in the comment field (Mic-E status text etc.) is good enough. You’re probably including your GPS position anyway, making it possible to identify which country you are transmitting from. OK, on second thought, that could be a bit difficult while you’re on top of OE/TI-035 or OE/VB-001
Interestingly, the Austrian “Amateurfunkverordnung” law frees Austrian hams from the usual requirement of suffixing their callsign with the visited district number or /P if they use APRS and also transmit their GPS position ([1] § 22 (2a)). However, it does not say anything about CEPT prefixes.
I think in APRS you keep your home call. where-ever you are. It’s a data-field rather than an announcement of you calling on RF. I don’t believe BNetza (or equivalent) will be decoding APRS signals.
So your APRS-ID will always be DK3IT as I understand it.
Have you found an official source that says so? I’ve been looking for it, but haven’t found any specific regulations that say it’s OK to leave out the CEPT prefix for APRS (not that most OMs would care ).
APRS as well as DSTAR do not have room for a longer prefix. I do not think it matters and I use my home settings as my callsign without the prefix. If I transmit voice or cw, I obviously use the prefix but not on APRS. I dont think it is a legal issue.
A bit academic really, none of the APRS equipped radios I’ve had will accept more than 6 characters for the callsign, and then only A-Z and 0-9 so not possible to add a CEPT / prefix. As you have decided just add the info in the comments field is the way to go.